A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kamfanonin ƙarfe na duniya ta hanyar haɗuwa da saye-saye, yawan masana'antu yana ci gaba da ƙaruwa. Idan aka zo ga 2023, fa'idodin masana'antar ƙarfe sun shiga cikin mawuyacin hali, galibi saboda hauhawar farashin wasu kayan aiki da kuma raguwar farashin ƙarfe mai tsanani, wanda ke haifar da raguwar fa'idodin kamfanoni. A cewar kowane yanayi, rayuwa ta zama jigon wannan shekarar, rage kowane aiki, iyakance mai da hankali kan inganta tsari da haɓakawa, haɓaka ƙarancin carbon mai kore da masana'antu masu wayo. Kamar "canji mai ƙarancin fitar da hayaki" da makamashi "ingancin makamashi mai yawa", da kuma hanzarta ƙirƙirar fasaha mai ƙarancin carbon da sauye-sauyen dijital a ɓangaren masana'antu.
● Narkewar ƙarfe
1. Canje-canje a cikin narkewar da aka yi da carbon zuwa narkewar da aka yi da hydrogen
Hanyar narkar da ƙarfe da ƙarfe don aikin ƙarfe na hydrogen, amma tushen hydrogen kore na yanzu yana da iyaka, tare da wannan matsalar, a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, narkar da tanda mai fashewa ta amfani da iskar gas na tanda na coke maimakon coke a matsayin wakili mai ragewa, kamar tanderun shaft na ƙarfe da ƙarfe na XIYE, da kuma ƙarfin nukiliya mai sanyaya iskar gas mai zafi yana tasowa. Ana samar da hydrogen daga iskar gas na tanda na coke a cikin ayyukan ƙarfe.
2. Narkewar tsari na ɗan gajeren lokaci
Saboda matsin lambar kariyar muhalli, narkewar na ɗan gajeren lokaci zai ƙara yawan narkewar. Fasahar yin narkewar ƙarfe kamar tanderun lantarki.
3. Haɗin gwiwa mai tsauri
Na dogon lokaci, ɗaya daga cikin manyan amfani da iskar gas da aka samar daga ƙarfe shine dumama konewa. Duk da cewa waɗannan suna amfani da makamashin zafi na gas, ƙimarsu ba a nuna ta sosai ba. Gas yana ɗauke da rabo daban-daban na abubuwan H2 da CO, kuma amfani da iskar gas don samar da LNG, ethanol, ethylene glycol, da sauransu, yana da fa'idodi masu kyau na tattalin arziki. Idan aka kwatanta da masana'antar sinadarai na kwal don samar da CO da H2 sannan a samar da LNG, ethanol, ethylene glycol, yana da fa'ida mafi girma a farashi.
Tare da buƙatar rage gurɓataccen iskar carbon, ayyuka kamar haƙo CO2 da ƙarfafawa sun haifar da labari mai daɗi. A cikin kamfanonin ƙarfe, kamar iskar gas ta murhu ta lemun tsami da iskar gas mai yawan CO2. Ana iya amfani da CO2 a cikin narkewar ƙarfe, rage ƙura, jigilar sarkar sanyi, masana'antar abinci, da sauransu, buƙatar kasuwa tana da yawa, kuma masana'antar ƙarfe tana da fa'idar farashi. Ayyukan photovoltaic na iya kawo wasu alamun carbon ga kamfanoni, kuma yawancin masana'antun ƙarfe suna gina ayyukan photovoltaic, amma ko bambancin farashin wutar lantarki zai iya kawo fa'idodi ga kamfanoni shi ma muhimmin alama ne na ko aikin zai iya sauka.
4. Ilimin Karfe
Kasuwar ƙarfe za ta ƙara hanzarta saurin sarrafa kansa da fasahar bayanai a masana'antar ƙarfe, da kuma hanzarta tsarin dijital da hankali. Cibiyar sarrafawa ta tsakiya, rumbun adana kayan aiki marasa matuƙi, auna zafin robot, dubawa, da kuma ɗaukar samfur za su ƙara ƙaruwa.
Tare da fitar da manufofi daban-daban na ƙasa da aka yi amfani da su wajen samar da carbon mai yawa, kamfanonin da ke cikin masana'antar ƙarfe suna ƙara buƙatar bayanai game da kimantawar zagayowar rayuwa na samfuran da aka saya, kuma kimantawar zagayowar rayuwa na samfuran ƙarfe da kimantawar sawun carbon bisa ga hakan ya zama muhimmin aiki gaCi gaban masana'antar ƙarfe mai kore da ƙarancin carbon da kuma biyan buƙatun abokan ciniki na ƙasa. Gudanar da kimanta tsawon lokacin da samfura ke ɗauka muhimmin mataki ne don daidaitawa da ci gaban ƙasa mai kore, ƙarancin carbon da inganci, haɓaka tanadin makamashi da rage carbon na kamfanonin ƙarfe da ƙarfe da kuma inganta tasirin alama.
● Fasahar adana makamashin ƙarfe da kare muhalli
1. Yin amfani da makamashi mai yawa da kuma amfani da shi sosai
Ingancin amfani da makamashi a masana'antar ƙarfe ya ƙaru kowace shekara, a gefe guda, an inganta sabbin kayan aiki, kuma an rage yawan amfani da makamashi. A gefe guda kuma, farfadowar makamashi na biyu, zafi na naúrar mai da matsakaicin ɗanɗano yana ci gaba da ƙaruwa, kuma ana dawo da zafi mai ƙarancin daraja ɗaya bayan ɗaya, kuma ana iya amfani da zafi a matakai. Ana amfani da makamashi mai ƙarancin kalori don samar da wutar lantarki ko samar da sinadarai, kuma ana amfani da makamashi mai ƙarancin kalori don dumama mazauna birane da ke kewaye, kiwon kamun kifi da sauransu. Haɗin samar da ƙarfe da rayuwar mutane ba wai kawai yana inganta ingancin tattalin arzikin kamfanoni ba, har ma yana maye gurbin ƙananan tukunyar ruwa da rage amfani da carbon.
1. 1 Tsarin murhu na lantarki
Tsarin sanyaya tururi gaba ɗaya, maimakon ɓangaren asali na bututun sanyaya ruwa, yana inganta dawo da tururi na tan na ƙarfe. A cewar aikin aikin, mafi girman tan na dawo da tururi na ƙarfe zai iya kaiwa kilogiram 300/t na ƙarfe, wanda ya fi sau 3 na dawowar asali.
1.2 Mai Canzawa
Babban tsarin tsarkake iskar gas na mai juyawa yawanci yana amfani da hanyar bushewa. A ƙarƙashin tsarin bushewa da ake da shi, ba a dawo da sauran zafin da ya rage daga bambancin zafin jiki na 1000℃-300℃ ba. A halin yanzu, saitin kayan aiki da yawa ne kawai ke aiki na ɗan gajeren lokaci.
1.3 Tanderu mai ƙarfi
Ana iya cimma cikakken farfadowar iskar gas mai fashewa ta hanyar dawo da iskar gas mai daidaita matsin lamba da iskar gas mai fashewa. A halin yanzu, yawancin tanderun fashewa ba sa la'akari da murmurewa, ko kuma kawai murmurewa.
1.4 Yin Sintering
Sake amfani da zafin sharar gida daga sashin zafi mai yawa na mai sanyaya zobe don samar da wutar lantarki; Ana iya samar da ruwan zafi don sarrafawa ko dumama bayan an dawo da zafin sharar gida a sashin zafi na tsakiya da kuma sashin zafi mai ƙarancin zafi na mai sanyaya zobe; Zagayen iskar gas mai ƙonewa yana haifar da zagayawa cikin gida, yana da mahimmanci a ƙara fanka mai matsi, fanka mai sabo da kayan aikin lantarki masu tallafi.
Babban zafi na sharar bututun hayaki, zafi mai sanyaya shara ban da samar da wutar lantarki, amma kuma ana amfani da shi don amfani da fasahar tururi da lantarki mai jan ruwa biyu don tuƙi babban fanka, inganta ingancin amfani da tururi, rage hanyar juyawa, inganta fa'idodin tattalin arziki.
1.5 Coking
Baya ga maganin gargajiya na bushewa, ammonia na coke circulation, na farko mai sanyaya, zafi na sharar gida, zafi na bututun hayaki mai tashi, da kuma zafi na sharar iskar gas.
1.6 Naɗewar Karfe
Amfani da zafin sharar gida daga iskar gas mai amfani da tanderun dumama na ƙarfe da kuma tanderun da ke maganin zafi. Zafin ba shi da inganci sosai, kuma galibi ana amfani da buƙatun zafin cire sulfur don samar da ruwan zafi.
2. Manufar kare muhalli da kuma ƙarancin fitar da hayaki mai gurbata muhalli ta ginu sosai a zukatan mutane.
2. 1 Aikin muhalli na kowace injin niƙa ƙarfe shine A
Domin rage matsin lamba kan kare muhalli da kuma tabbatar da samar da kayayyaki yadda ya kamata, masana'antun ƙarfe da yawa na arewacin sun gama yin naushi na A, koda kuwa kamfanonin ƙarfe na arewa waɗanda ba su kammala naushi na A ba, akwai adadi mai yawa na kamfanonin ƙarfe na kudu, suma suna aiki a wannan hanyar. Manyan ayyukan sune wuraren cire ƙura, wuraren cire sulfur da rage ƙura, kayan da ke shiga cikin ma'ajiyar kayan aiki, rage saukar jiragen sama, wuraren samar da ƙura a rufe, da kuma rage ƙura da sauransu.
2.2 Masana'antar carbon da electrolytic aluminum
Carbon, masana'antar aluminum mai amfani da electrolytic basusukan kare muhalli ƙari, aluminum, dutse aluminum da sauran kamfanoni suna cikin aikin muhalli na A aiki.
2.3 Maganin sharar gida guda uku
Bukatun kare muhalli na sharar gida ba sa barin masana'anta, ruwan shara su cika ka'idojin fitar da kaya. A gefe guda, kamfanonin ƙarfe da ƙarfe sun busar da kayan aikin kuma sun matse su, kuma fitar da shara ta ƙarshe da zubar da ita sun yi daidai. Kasuwa tana buƙatar sabbin hanyoyi da fasahohi don magance iskar gas, sharar gida mai ɗauke da carbon, ƙarfe, sharar gida mai haɗari, gurɓataccen ƙasa da ruwan sharar gida mai phenol cyanide, ruwan gishiri mai yawa da ruwan sharar gida mai sanyi.
2.4 Tsarkakewar iskar gas
Tare da inganta buƙatun kare muhalli, ana iya tattara iskar gas da aka sake yin amfani da ita a lokaci guda, kuma ana gabatar da sabbin buƙatu don ingancin iskar gas. Tsarin tsarkakewa na gargajiya na iskar gas ta oven coke da iskar gas ta blast ya yi la'akari da cire ƙura da sulfur mara tsari, kuma yanzu yana buƙatar cire sulfur na halitta. Kasuwa tana buƙatar sabbin tsare-tsare da sabbin kayan aiki don wannan buƙata.
2.5 Fasahar konewa mai cike da iskar oxygen, konewar iskar oxygen mai tsarki
Domin inganta yawan amfani da iskar oxygen da kuma rage yawan amfani da iskar gas, ana amfani da iskar oxygen mai dauke da iskar oxygen ko kuma iskar oxygen mai tsafta a cikin tanderun dumama, tanda da kuma tukunyar jirgi.
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuni-13-2023